34. Nodding donkeys

Nodding donkeys (in Polish: kiwony or kiwaki) were put up at the wells outlets from where crude oil was produced by means of bottom-hole pumps. A typical pump jack had a foundation beam, a support and a walking beam. On one end of the beam the pump driving rods were fixed by means of a pump cane and on the other end there was a transmission which converted the reciprocating motion from the pump drive wheel onto the pump piston.